'47922'

'11'

'荚蒾'

'https://ssimg.zlbes.com/upimages/20210904/55bfb51c7617b.jpg'

'荚蒾'

'荚蒾的介绍			荚蒾（拉丁学名：ViburnumdilatatumThunb.）是忍冬科，荚蒾属落叶灌木，高可达3米。叶纸质，倒卵形，复伞形式聚伞花序稠密，花生于第三至第四级辐射枝上，花冠白色，辐状，'

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'127.0.0.1'

'2021-09-04 10:17:48'

'2021-09-04 10:17:48'

'0'

'Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.'

'檕迷、檕蒾'

''

''

''

''

'荚蒾（拉丁学名：Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.）是忍冬科，荚蒾属落叶灌木，高可达3米。叶纸质，倒卵形，复伞形式聚伞花序稠密，花生于第三至第四级辐射枝上，花冠白色，辐状，花药小，乳白色。果实红色。'

''

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'35'

'0'

'0.00'

'<img width="500" alt="荚蒾" title="荚蒾" src="https://ssimg.zlbes.com/upimages/20210904/55bfb51c7617b.jpg" />
<h3 title="荚蒾的介绍">荚蒾的介绍</h3>
			<p>荚蒾（拉丁学名：Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.）是忍冬科，荚蒾属落叶灌木，高可达3米。叶纸质，倒卵形，复伞形式聚伞花序稠密，花生于第三至第四级辐射枝上，花冠白色，辐状，花药小，乳白色。果实红色。椭圆状卵圆形，核扁，卵形，5-6月开花，9-11月结果。<br />
荚蒾中国原产种，主产浙江、江苏、山东、河南、陕西、河北等省。地栽盆栽均可，管理粗放。荚蒾韧皮纤维可制绳和人造棉。种子含油10.03-12.91%，可制肥皂和润滑油。果可食，亦可酿酒。<br />
枝叶清热解毒，疏风解表，用于疔疮发热，风热感冒；外用治过敏性皮炎。根：辛、涩，凉。祛瘀消肿。用于瘰疬，跌打损伤。祛瘀消肿。<br /></p>

				<h3 title="荚蒾的形态特征">荚蒾的形态特征</h3>
								<p><strong>枝</strong><br />
荚蒾为落叶灌木，高1.5-3米；当年小枝连同芽、叶柄和花序均密被土黄色或黄绿色开展的小刚毛状粗毛及簇状短毛，老时毛可弯伏，毛基有小瘤状突起，二年生小枝暗紫褐色，被疏毛或几无毛，有凸起的垫状物。<br />
<br />
<strong>叶</strong><br />
荚蒾的叶纸质，宽倒卵形、倒卵形、或宽卵形，长3-10（-13）厘米，顶端急尖，基部圆形至钝形或微心形，有时楔形，边缘有牙齿状锯齿，齿端突尖，上面被叉状或简单伏毛，下面被带黄色叉状或簇状毛，脉上毛尤密，脉腋集聚簇状毛，有带黄色或近无色的透亮腺点，虽脱落仍留有痕迹，近基部两侧有少数腺体，侧脉6-8对，直达齿端，上面凹陷，下面明显凸起；叶柄长（5-）10-15毫米；无托叶。<br />
<br />
<strong>花</strong><br />
荚蒾是复伞形式聚伞花序稠密，生于具1对叶的短枝之顶，直径4-10厘米，果时毛多少脱落，总花梗长1-2（-3）厘米，第一级辐射枝5条，花生于第三至第四级辐射枝上，萼和花冠外面均有簇状糙毛；萼筒狭筒状，长约1毫米，有暗红色微细腺点，萼齿卵形；花冠白色，辐状，直径约5毫米，裂片圆卵形；雄蕊明显高出花冠，花药小，乳白色，宽椭圆形；花柱高出萼齿。<br />
荚蒾花期5-6月。<br />
<br />
<strong>果</strong><br />
荚蒾的果实红色，椭圆状卵圆形，长7-8毫米；核扁，卵形，长6-8毫米，直径5-6毫米，有3条浅腹沟和2条浅背沟。<br />
荚蒾果熟期9-11月。<br /></p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的生态习性">荚蒾的生态习性</h3>
								<p>荚蒾为温带植物，喜光，喜温暖湿润，也耐阴，耐寒，对气候因子及土壤条件要求不严，最好是微酸性肥沃土壤，地栽、盆栽均可，管理可以粗放。</p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的栽培技术">荚蒾的栽培技术</h3>
								<p><strong>移植</strong><br />
带土球移植荚蒾是提高成活率的关键措施，还可以缩短起苗到栽植时间。最好做到当天起苗当天栽植。如果运输距离过长，途中一定要严密覆盖，防止因风吹造成严重失水，影响成活率。<br />
根据荚蒾土球大小，严格按照技术要求挖好树坑，坑尽可能挖大点，土球放入后，周围最少要有20~30厘米填土空间，将所填土充分踩实，使土球和周围新土紧密结合。<br />
浇第1次水，尽量把围堰做大一些，以便储存更多的水，使土球充分渗透。第1次充分浇透水非常重要，带土球的荚蒾，只有当新根萌出扎入周围新添土内，浇水才能和日常管理一样。<br />
栽植深度以新土下沉后，荚蒾基部原土，即与地平面平行或稍低于地面3~5厘米为准；栽植过浅，根系易干燥失水，抗旱性差，根茎易受灼伤；栽植过深，造成根茎窒息，导致荚蒾生长衰落。<br />
修好灌水围堰后，解开捆扎在树冠上的草绳，使枝条舒展。<br />
<br />
<strong>养护</strong><br />
控制水分荚蒾移植后，水分管理是保证栽植成活的关键，新移植的荚蒾栽种后，须保证连续灌3次透水，确保土壤充分吸水并与根系紧密接合，以后根据土壤和气候条件适时补水，新移植的荚蒾根系吸水功能减弱。在日常养护管理时，只要保持根系土壤适当湿润即可，灌水量及灌水次数可根据树木生长情况及土壤、气候条件决定，做到适时适量，否则土壤含水量过大，反而会影响土壤透气性能，抑制根系呼吸，对发根不利，严重时导致烂根、整树枯亡。<br />
<br />
<strong>施肥</strong><br />
施肥可促进新植荚蒾地下部根系生长恢复和地上部枝叶萌发生长，有计划地合理追施一些有机肥料，更是改良土壤结构、提高土壤有机质含量、增加土壤肥力的有效措施。新植荚蒾基肥补给，应在树体确定成活后进行，用量一次不可太多，以免烧伤新根。施肥选择天气晴朗、土壤干燥时进行，施充分腐熟的有机肥。荚蒾要定期施肥。在荚蒾休眠期或秋季树木落叶后至土壤结冻前施肥，能确保树木正常生长发育。<br />
<br />
<strong>修剪</strong><br />
荚蒾在栽植前需修剪。适当剪去一些枝叶及断枝，减少水分蒸腾，保持树体水分代谢平衡，有利于树木成活，尽快恢复生长。<br />
<br />
<strong>锄草松土</strong><br />
新植荚蒾栽植后要视情况松土。及时清除杂草，并清理运出，保持树堰内清洁。<br /></p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的繁殖方式">荚蒾的繁殖方式</h3>
								<p><strong>播种繁殖</strong><br />
荚蒾果实为核果，外果皮和内果皮肉质，果核多呈压扁状，内果皮木质，坚韧，黄色至灰褐色，内含有一粒种子。果核与种皮不易分离，种皮膜质，种胚被坚实的硬肉质或嚼烂状具有韧性的胚乳包围，其种胚位于胚乳尖端内，一般未发育完全，随着成熟逐渐长成形。秋冬采种，种子具休眠期，荚蒾种子休眠一般采用冷暖层积交替处理来打破种子的休眠。由于荚蒾种子的胚在果实成熟时还未完全成熟而使种子处于休眠状态，在种子胚发育和萌发发生前一般需要温层积处理（≥15℃）或者冷层积处理（≤10℃），或者两种处理交替使用。Gierbach（1937）将胚根已萌发的种子置于10℃下分别放置两个半月和4个月后发现种子上胚轴萌发率分别为61%和81%。解除休眠于翌年春播种。<br /></p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的病害防治">荚蒾的病害防治</h3>
								<p>荚蒾在夏季易发生蚜虫、叶螨类，注意消灭越冬虫源以控制翌年发生量。<br />
<strong>防治措施</strong><br />
病害发生前喷洒65%代森锰锌600倍液、50%石硫合剂500-800倍液，可起到保护作用。平时养护管理中及时剪除患病枝叶。<br /></p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的品种分类">荚蒾的品种分类</h3>
								<p>该种的主要特征为其幼枝、叶柄和花房均被开展的刚毛状糙毛。在该种分布区的西部和西南部，即从西藏向东经云南和广西北部至湖南、江西北部及湖北西部，有一个植物体的毛被往往更稠密和更粗硬、叶基部较宽而多少带心形的类型，过去许多学者都鉴定为“ViburnumcorylifoliumHook. f. et Thoms.”，但它同该种其他地区的标本存在着复杂的过渡现象而难以截然区分，故《中国植物志》编委们仍作为同一个种来看待。<br />
<br />
<strong>庐山荚蒾</strong>（新变种）（新拟）<strong>黄褐绒毛荚蒾</strong>（植物分类学报）<br />
Viburnum dilatatumThunb. var.fulvotomentosum（Hsu）Hsu,<br />
幼枝、叶柄和花序均被由黄褐色簇状毛组成的绒毛；叶干后至少上面变灰黑色至黑色，有8-9对侧脉，下面脉腋有发达的集聚簇状毛，花序下的一对叶常中下部最宽。<br />
特产江西（庐山、武宁、寻乌）。模式标本采自庐山。<br /></p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的分布区域">荚蒾的分布区域</h3>
								<p>荚蒾产中国河北南部、陕西南部、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南南部、湖北、湖南、广东北部、广西北部、四川、贵州及云南（保山）。<br />
荚蒾在日本和朝鲜也有分布。<br />
荚蒾生于山坡或山谷疏林下，林缘及山脚灌丛中，海拔100～1000米。<br /></p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的食疗或药用价值">荚蒾的食疗或药用价值</h3>
				<dd id="doc-3fee94972462c865615e98ad70aac662">
				<h3 title="荚蒾的化学成分">荚蒾的化学成分</h3>
								<p>叶含荚蒾螺内酯（dilaspirolactone），谷甾醇（sitosterol），熊果酸（ursolic acid），谷甾醇-β-D-葡萄糖甙（sitosteryl-β-D-glucoside），异槲皮甙（isoquercitrin），对-羟基苯-β-D-阿洛糖甙（p-hydroxyphenyl-β-D-alloside），对羟苯基-6-O-反-咖啡酰基-β-D-葡萄糖甙（p-hydroxyphenyl-6-O-trans-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside），对-羟苯基-6-O-反-咖啡酰基-β-D-阿洛糖甙（P-hy-droxyphenyl-6-O-trans-caffeoyl-β-D-葡萄糖甙[4-ally-2-methy-oxyphenyl-6-O-β-D-apiosyl（1→6）-β-D-glucoside]，熊果酚甙（ar-butin），呋喃卡甙（furcatin），毛柳甙（salidroside），乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine），山奈酚（kaempferol），槲皮素（quercetin），左旋及右旋表儿茶精（epicatechin），山柰酚-3-O-刺槐二糖甙（daemp-ferol-3-O-robinobioside），山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖甙（kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside），山柰酚-3-O-（2G-鼠李糖基）芸香糖甙[daempferol-3-O（2G-rhamnosyl）rutinoside]，山柰酚-3-O-龙胆二糖（daempferol-3-O-gentiobioside），芸香甙（rutin），槲皮素-3-O-（2G鼠李糖甙）芸香糖甙[quercetin-3-O-（2G-rhamnosyl）rutinoside]，苏型和赤型1-（4-羟基-3-甲氧苯基）-2-[2-羟基-4-（3-羟丙基）苯氧基]-1,3-丙二醇-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙。</p>
			
				<h3 title="荚蒾的园林用途">荚蒾的园林用途</h3>
								<p>荚蒾枝叶稠密，树冠球形；叶形美观，入秋变为红色；开花时节，纷纷白花布满枝头；果熟时，累累红果，令人赏心悦目。如此集叶花果为一树，实为观赏佳木，是制作盆景的良好素材。<br /></p>
			'

'1630721868'

'1630721868'

'荚蒾'

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array (
  '荚蒾' => '/#没有找到对应的URL（关闭开发者模式将不会显示本词）',
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array (
  'id' => '47921',
  'catid' => '11',
  'title' => '兔儿菜',
  'thumb' => 'https://ssimg.zlbes.com/upimages/20210904/5bae282e2f3ac.png',
  'keywords' => '兔儿菜',
  'description' => '兔儿菜的介绍			兔儿菜为菊科多年生草本植物，原产中国南部、中南半岛。全草可入药。				兔儿菜的形态特征								兔儿菜是多年生草本植物，它全株都具有乳汁，高约20－40公分，在中海拔以下的山',
  'hits' => '3753',
  'uid' => '1',
  'author' => 'beego',
  'status' => '9',
  'url' => 'https://www.zlbes.com/bk/zhiwu/47921.html',
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  'inputtime' => '1630721868',
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  'entitle' => '',
  'bieming' => '兔仔菜、蒲公英、小金英、鹅仔菜',
  'zlfb' => '',
  'gxzy' => '',
  'zycd' => '',
  'zyjz' => '',
  'jianjie' => '兔儿菜为菊科多年生草本植物，原产中国南部、中南半岛。全草可入药。兔儿菜是多年生草本植物，它全株都具有乳汁，高约20－40公分，在中海拔以下的山坡地，向阳地都可以看到，它的叶子有两种，根生叶比较多，为披针状，而茎生叶为互生，比较少，花朵为雌雄同株，腋生，头状花序，菊科植物的花有舌状花以及管状花两种，排列方式为舌状花在外，管状花在内，但是兔儿菜只有黄色的舌状花。',
  'jinji' => '',
  'shiyi' => '',
  'leibie' => '35',
  'comments' => '0',
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array (
  'id' => '47923',
  'catid' => '11',
  'title' => '播娘蒿',
  'thumb' => 'https://ssimg.zlbes.com/upimages/20210904/55ad0b7764c82.jpg',
  'keywords' => '播娘蒿',
  'description' => '播娘蒿的介绍			播娘蒿为一年生草本，高20-80厘米，有毛或无毛，毛为叉状毛，以下部茎生叶为多，向上渐少。茎直立，分枝多，常于下部成淡紫色。叶为3回羽状深裂，长2-12(-15)厘米，末端裂片条形或',
  'hits' => '4662',
  'uid' => '1',
  'author' => 'beego',
  'status' => '9',
  'url' => 'https://www.zlbes.com/bk/zhiwu/47923.html',
  'link_id' => '0',
  'tableid' => '0',
  'inputip' => '127.0.0.1',
  'inputtime' => '1630721869',
  'updatetime' => '1630721869',
  'displayorder' => '0',
  'entitle' => 'Descurainia sophia (L.)Webb. ex Prantl',
  'bieming' => '大蒜芥、米米蒿、麦蒿',
  'zlfb' => '',
  'gxzy' => '',
  'zycd' => '',
  'zyjz' => '',
  'jianjie' => '播娘蒿为一年生草本，高20-80厘米，有毛或无毛，毛为叉状毛，以下部茎生叶为多，向上渐少。茎直立，分枝多，常于下部成淡紫色。叶为3回羽状深裂，长2-12 (-15) 厘米，末端裂片条形或长圆形，裂片长 (2-) 3-5 (-10) 毫米，宽0.8-1.5 (-2) 毫米，下部叶具柄，上部叶无柄。',
  'jinji' => '',
  'shiyi' => '',
  'leibie' => '35',
  'comments' => '0',
  'avgsort' => '0.00',
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'荚蒾的功效与作用_荚蒾营养价值植物-五谷养生网'

'荚蒾'

'荚蒾的介绍			荚蒾（拉丁学名：ViburnumdilatatumThunb.）是忍冬科，荚蒾属落叶灌木，高可达3米。叶纸质，倒卵形，复伞形式聚伞花序稠密，花生于第三至第四级辐射枝上，花冠白色，辐状，'

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    'catids' => 
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    'field' => 
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        'list' => 'list.html',
        'category' => 'category.html',
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'/bk/zhiwu/47922-[page].html'

''

'https://www.zlbes.com/bk/zhiwu/47922.html'

array (
  's' => 'baike',
  'c' => 'show',
  'id' => '47922',
  'm' => 'index',
)